Table 2. Comparison of floors in timber, reinforced concrete, and steel structures

Structure type	Timber structure	Reinforced concrete structure	Steel structure
Primary materials	Solid timber, cross-laminated timber (CLT), plywood, oriented strand board (OSB)	Reinforced concrete slab (concrete+rebar)	Steel decking with concrete topping, composite slabs
Weight	Lightweight	Very heavy, requires strong support	Lighter than concrete but heavier than timber when combined with concrete
Structural performance	Good flexibility, absorbs vibrations	Excellent compressive strength, limited flexibility	High strength and elasticity, good for large spans
Acoustic performance	Moderate sound absorption, may require additional layers	Good soundproofing but can cause impact noise	Can transmit noise, needs acoustic insulation
Fire resistance	Requires fire-retardant treatment	Naturally fire-resistant due to concrete mass	Requires fireproofing coatings or sprays
Construction speed	Quick installation, prefabricated panels	Slower due to curing time of concrete	Fast with prefabricated steel components
Environmental impact	Low carbon footprint, renewable material	High carbon emissions during production	Moderate carbon emissions, recyclable material
Durability & maintenance	Requires maintenance (moisture, insects)	Long-lasting, minimal maintenance	Durable but prone to corrosion, requires maintenance