| Primary connection materials | Metal fasteners (nails, screws, bolts), steel plates, adhesives | Reinforcement bars, concrete (rebar embedded joints) | Bolts, welding, anchor plates, brackets |
| Type of connections | Mechanical joints (nails, bolts), mortise and tenon, adhesive bonding | Monolithic connections (concrete and rebar bonded) | Bolted or welded connections, prefabricated joints |
| Strength & performance | Flexible connections, absorbs vibrations | Rigid and strong, suitable for heavy loads | High strength, excellent for tensile and shear loads |
| Fire resistance | Requires fireproofing treatments | High fire resistance | Requires fireproof coatings |
| Corrosion resistance | Metal fasteners prone to corrosion, requires treatment | Resistant to corrosion due to concrete cover | Requires anti-corrosion treatments |
| Construction speed | Quick with mechanical fasteners and adhesives | Slow due to curing of concrete | Fast with prefabricated joints and welding |
| Environmental impact | Eco-friendly, lower emissions, but fasteners may corrode | High carbon footprint due to concrete production | Moderate carbon emissions, recyclable components |
| Maintenance requirements | Requires regular inspection of fasteners and joints | Minimal maintenance | Requires inspection for corrosion and welding quality |